SENSE RELATIONSHIPS IN ENGLISH
SENSE RELATIONSHIPS IN ENGLISH
It
is theorized that there are a variety of ways in whisch English words can
relate to each other, such as a roof is a part of house, clever is opposed to
stupid, etc. There are will be discuss
in the several kind.
Antonym
Antonyms
are words with opposite meaning. They are usually quite straightforward, and
translate easily into other languages. However, problems may arise when a word
has two meanings, and therefore, two antonyms as shown in the following
example.
1. Light
/ dark
2. Light
/ heavy
3. Old
/ young
4. Hot
/ cold
Such a phenomenon may
result in ‘error’ due to overgeneralization. If the opposite of light is know as ‘dark’, this can result in an error such as ‘this basket is too
dark.’ Instead of saying ‘This basket is
too heavy.’ Another problem with ‘oposite’ is that when two words are at in
between. If a glass of water is not hot, it could be cold, or it could be may
other things along the same scale, as shown below :
Scalding
Hot
Warm
Tepid/lukewarm
Cool
Cold
Freezing
Of
course, we could increase the possibilities by modifiying a lot of these words--that
is by adding words, such as quite, very, and extremely. Sometimes it is easy to teach ‘opposites,’ but it can
cause some problems, because it presents a very simplistic view of language.
Synonyms
Synonyms
are words with a similar meaning. Note that similar
meaning is not the same| since there are no words that mean exactly the
same thing. Synonyms have the same area of m,eaning but they are used in
different contexts. Secondly, it is possible for learners to fine it difficult
to know which words to used in which context.
e.g big - huge-large-bulky
small - little-petite
quick - fast-rapid
Hyponyms
Hyponyms
are words that belong to the same set, or class. They can show different levels
or generelities. For example, we can divide up the general class of vehicle into a more specific categories
( such as cars) becomes a general set that can be further divided into more
specific categories, and so on.
eg. car
– truck – bus are hyponyms for vehicle
hibiscus
– rose - orchid are hyponyms for flower
red – yellow - blue
are hyponyms for color
Homonyms
Homonyms are words that have an identical form, but
completely different meanings. The English language has many, many homonyms ---
that’s why so many English Jokes are them. Users of English can misinterpret a
message if the context is not clear, or if they only know one meaning for a
particular word form.
e.g pupil part
of the eye / a child at school
bank of
a river / a financial institution
bark of
a tree/the noise a dog makes
Polysemies
e.g examination a formal test/a detailed inspection
leg a
part of the body/a part of a chair or table
quick fast/smart
some
words have an identical form and their meaning is related, but it is a different
meaning nonetheless| these words have a polysemous relationship. The word
polysemy is made up of these parts:
·
Poly—from
Greek, meaning many (think of polygon, polygamy, and polynesial)|and
·
--semy,
which is from another Greek wors sema, meaning having significance (think of
semantics and semaphore).
So,
Polysemy
means many significances-or many meanings. Usually, if you look up words that
have a polysemous relationship in a dictionary, you will find them all their
related meanings under one heading (in contrast, homonyms are listed under
separate headings).
Homophone
e.g there/their/they’re
to/two/too
through/threw
wear/where
Homophones
are words with the same sound, but with different spelling and meanings. The
idea will become clear if homophone is seen from its parts:
·
homo—which
means the same (think of homonyms, homosexsual), but do not ask further why
homosexual refers to males, while lesbian refers to female!
·
--phone—which
means sound
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar